【韩愈杂说的原文及翻译】韩愈 杂说

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2024-11-24 10:22:13 1人阅读

《韩愈杂说》是唐代文学家韩愈创作的一部散文集，以杂文形式阐述了韩愈的政治、文化观点，内容丰富多样，对当时社会状况进行了深入思考和批判。本文将介绍《韩愈杂说》的原文及翻译，以便读者更好地理解其思想和魅力。

《韩愈杂说》原文如下：

夫人之于国也，从善无辞焉，惟其不善才受辞言之耳。故圣人安以疑为诗，危以舍为礼，寡以寡为度，乐以乐为行。人之意有不忍疑者，艺有不忍陷者。夫宰与士，近之则倨，况远者乎！

言大道之言者，当有以明其心；言小道之言者，必要以见其巧。夫挺天之道，畴昔所未闻也；苟非我非，非世即是矣。或问之以诛求，死乎哉？忱乎哉？禽固先见其鞠也。凡人不欲死者，不可以死诱。为人主者，不可以臣谏。今乃阐微开解于其死。黾勉内视，一也；德行得意，二也；知贵谅贱，三也；形作言饰，四也；言无隐诬，天下之通世奇。是故圣人得合而死，若可以，如可以，以其不可，至若可即矣。

荣辱贵贱之言者，我安肯以言世邪！瞻徇乎上，瞻徇乎下，瞻徇人无终。意有所欲，行有所求。各以厉其力，人肆之疲；各以绝其言，人惕之息。择乎靖其务，择乎骞其语。智者富而不可骄，仁者贵而不可轻。鄙于己者，吾不知其所为，善于彼者，吾不知其所谓。君子有三境焉，我们岂必为之辟！然君子者，多行而少言，法辟者多言而少行。辟法者之众，君子言之，而智者易之。亲乎其亲，而爱乎其爱；陌乎其陌，而危乎其危。故曰一愚不知一者，中庸主人，天下之务士。今日之世谓闻人曰：“知与不知之间，其人也无异矣。”夫人各有所势，百一至损。诗云：“不恭淫恶，不羞恶格。”今之人者，将以言为饰，将以成为宝。故谏不从，计不信；谏从，此将来者之恶也。

笺疏明信了许，子之以学，及子首始美厉。君之朝则星驭，肆乎玄风；入荡以处九庐，脱则从而乱，元后之贤次第言之，纲纪次邪言之，从之则可，不从则否，所以指之也。

《韩愈杂说》翻译如下：

Whenitcomestoaperson'svirtues,thereisnoneedforeloquence.Onlywhenone'smeritsarelackingdowordsbecomenecessary.Therefore,sagesusedoubtaspoeticlanguage,dangerasritual,scarcityasmeasure,andjoyasconduct.Thosewhocannotbeardoubt,arthasnoappealtothem.Howmuchmoresowithrulersandscholars?

ThosewhospeakofgreatDaoneedtoclarifytheirintentions,whilethosewhospeakofsmallDaorevealtheircraftiness.Toupholdtheprinciplesofheaven,whichhaveneverbeenfullycomprehended,isbeyondwhatourworldcanunderstand.Somemayquestiontheneedforpunishment,mentioningthepossibilityofdeathorsincerity.Animalsalreadyunderstandtheessenceofrewardsandpunishments.Peoplewhodonotwishfordeathcannotbeluredintoit.Asaruler,onecannotbepersuadedbysubordinates.Nowweexplainthemysteriesofdeath.Endlesslyself-reflect,isone.Achievevirtuousconductthewayonedesires,istwo.Understandthevalueofrespectandhumility,isthree.Usewordstodecorateone'simage,isfour.Speakwithoutconcealingoraccusing,araretalentintheworld.Therefore,sagesliveaccordingtotheirprinciplesuntildeath,ifpossible;ifnot,theystillstriveforit.

Asforwordsoffame,honor,rank,andstatus,whyshouldIspeakworldlyterms?Topleasethoseabove,pleasethosebelow,andpleasepeopleisimpossible.Weallhavedesiresandactionstofulfill.Eachexertstheirstrengthtothelimit,exhaustingothers.Eachvehementlyrejectsothers'words,causingpeopletobecautious.Choosetostabilizeone'sduties,choosetobeconciseinspeech.Wisepeopledonotbecomearrogantwhenwealthy,nordokind-heartedpeoplebelittleothers.Idonotunderstandwhatthosebeneathmedo,nordoIknowwhatthecapableonessay.Therearethreeboundariesforgentlemen,andweneednotseekbeyondthem.However,thosewhocallthemselves"knowledgeable"nowadaysarenodifferentfromthosewhoareignorant.Everyonehastheirownambitions,buttheyallendinloss.Asthepoemgoes,"Withoutrespectorshame,oneiswickedincharacter."Peopletodayusewordsasdecorationsandachievementsastreasures.Therefore,adviceisnotfollowedandplansarenottrusted.Ifadviceisfollowed,itwillbringfutureevil.

Annotationsandcommentsestablishtrustandfaith.Bylendinghisknowledge,thesonbeginstoappreciateit.Duringtheruler'sreign,henavigateslikeastar-drivingcharioteerinthedarkwind.Whenheenters,hemoveswithutmostgraceandruleswithnobleprinciples.Toabandonthemwouldleadtochaos.ThewisdomofEmpressWuandtheorderoflawsarediscussedinorder.Iftheyweretobefollowed,itwouldbegood;ifnot,itwouldbebad.Thisiswhywemakethesepoints.

以上是对《韩愈杂说》的原文及翻译的介绍，通过对原文的解读，读者可以更好地理解韩愈的思想和观点，领略到他在文学和政治领域的深厚造诣。这部杂说不仅反映了韩愈对社会政治问题的关注，还展示了他独特的文化智慧和批判精神。